IoT Implementation in SMEs: A Review and a Proposed Framework for Smart Manufacturing Adoption
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17509/mgb6n931Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Manufacturing, SMEs, Monitoring SystemAbstract
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in economic growth; however, many SMEs still face challenges related to productivity, operational efficiency, and technological adoption. The development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies provides opportunities for SMEs to improve operational visibility and automation toward smart manufacturing systems. This study aims to develop a simplified IoT-based smart manufacturing framework for SMEs and validate the framework through laboratory-scale implementation. The research employed a qualitative and experimental approach consisting of literature analysis, framework development, laboratory-scale implementation, and system evaluation. The literature analysis identified that most IoT implementations in SMEs focus on real-time monitoring and basic automatic control using low-cost technologies such as sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication platforms. Based on these findings, a five-layer framework consisting of the Data Acquisition Layer, Monitoring Layer, Control Layer, Integration Layer, and Smart Decision Layer was proposed. To validate the framework, a laboratory-scale IoT monitoring and control system was developed using NodeMCU ESP8266, DHT11 sensor, MQ-series gas sensor, ultrasonic sensor, relay module, and IoT dashboard platform. The developed system successfully demonstrated real-time monitoring and automatic control capabilities under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that affordable IoT technologies are feasible for supporting the gradual adoption of smart manufacturing systems in SMEs. The proposed framework provides practical guidance for SMEs to progressively adopt IoT technologies according to their operational capabilities, with future integration of AI/ML-based decision support envisioned to enhance predictive and autonomous functionalities.
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